Diplomado de salud y humanización: el valor de la reflexión y el aprendizaje presencial / Health and humanization Diploma: the value of reflection and face to face learning

Background: In a rapidly changing culture like ours, with emphasis on productivity, there is a strong need to find the meaning of health care work using learning instances that privilege reflection and face to face contact with others. The Diploma in Health and Humanization (DSH), was developed as an interdisciplinary space for training on issues related to humanization. Aim: To analyze the experience of DSH aiming to identify the elements that students considered key factors for the success of the program. Material and Methods: We conducted a focus group with DSH graduates, identifying factors associated with satisfaction. Transcripts were coded and analyzed by two independent reviewers. Results: DSH graduates valued a safe space, personal interaction, dialogue and respect as learning tools of the DSH. They also appreciates the opportunity to have emotional interactions among students and between them and the teacher as well as the opportunity to share personal stories and their own search for meaning. Discussion: DSH is a learning experience in which their graduates value the ability to think about their vocation and the affective interaction with peers and teachers. We hope to contribute to the development of face to face courses in the area of humanization. Face to face methodology is an excellent teaching technique for contents related to the meaning of work, and more specifically, to a group of learners that require affective communication and a personal connection of their work with their own values and beliefs.

La reactividad constitucional del sujeto: una piedra de rosetta interdisciplinaria / A reatividade constitucional do sujeito. Uma pedra de roseta interdisciplinar / Subject’s constitutional reactivitya: interdisciplinary rosetta stone

Aprender a identificar de manera integral, mixta y dinámica la constitución de un sujeto significa, por un lado, ayudarlo a autoconocerse en su manera de reaccionar (por eso se habla de reactividad constitucional y no más de biotipos o rasgos), de desarrollarse (madurar o destruirse), de relacionarse y aceptar a los demás tal como son; por otro lado, sirve para personalizar diagnóstico, terapia y pronóstico. La historia del constitucionalismo y un esquema sinóptico interdisciplinario (filosofía griega, teología, medicina hipocrática, galénica, homeopática, china, ayurvédica y holística, biología, embriología, bioquímica, fisiopatología, neurología, endocrinología, psicología y espiritualidad) muestra una precisa correspondencia y un denominador común sobre la base de la teoría constitucional embriológica que habla de endoblasto, mesoblasto y ectoblasto. Una coherencia que dura por más de 24 siglos en occidente y pasa también las barreras culturales (oriente y occidente) y paradigmáticas (biomedicina y homeopatía), no puede ser casual.

To learn to identify in an integral, mixed and dynamic way the subject’s constitution means, on one hand, to help him to a self-knowledgement of his reactive way (for this, we speak of constitutional reactivity and no more of biotipe or trait), to develop himself (to mature or to destroy), to join and accept the others like they are; on the other way, it serve to personalize diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. The constitution history and a synoptic interdisciplinary diagram (Greek philosophy, theology, hippocratic, galenic, homeopatic, chinese, ayurvedic and holistic medicines, biology, embriology, biochemistry, physiopathology, neurology, endocrinology, psychology and spirituality) shows a precise link and a common denominator according to an embriologic constitutional theory, that speaks about endoblast, mesoblast and ectoblast. A coherence thas lasts for more than 24 centuries in occident and goes through even the cultural borders (eastern and western world) and paradigmatic logics (biomedicine and homeopaty) cannot be casual.

Aprender a identificar de maneira integral, mista e dinâmica a constituição de um sujeito significa, por um lado, ajudá-lo a se autoconhecer na sua maneira de reagir (por isso se fala de reatividade constitucional e não mais de biotipos ou traços), de desenvolver-se (amadurecer ou destruir-se), de relacionar-se e aceitar os demais taisl como são; por outro lado, serve para personalizar diagnóstico, terapia e prognóstico. A história do constitucionalismo e um esquema sinóptico interdisciplinar (filosofia grega, teologia, medicina hipocrática, galênica, homeopática, chinesa, ayurvédica e holística, biologia, embriologia, bioquímica, fisiopatologia, neurologia, endocrinologia, psicologia e espiritualidade) mostra uma precisa correspondência e um denominador comum sobre a base da teoria constitucional embriológica que fala de endoblasto, mesoblasto e ectoblasto. Uma coerência que dura por mais de 24 séculos no ocidente e ultrapassa também as barreiras culturais (oriente e ocidente) e paradigmáticas (biomedicina e homeopatia), não pode ser casual.

La metodología cualitativa: nueva frontera para la búsqueda en Pastoral de la Salud / Qualitative methodology: new border for research in pastoral of health

Cuando se buscan significados, sentidos, valores, la esencia de la subjetividad humana (personalización), la investigación cuantitativa (numérica) no basta; se necesita añadirle o reemplazarla por una metodología de investigación cualitativa que busque conceptos sintéticos, interpretaciones personalizadas de sujetos o grupos. El tema “personalización” es importante en lo que respecta a la humanización y pastoral de la salud, por esto, siempre con más frecuencia en estos campos se presentan y se pueden inventar nuevas investigaciones cualitativas. El artículo intenta destacar esta nueva forma de investigación como un instrumento científico y confiable (válido) si es usado con rigurosidad por el investigador.

The article points at the fact that there is more to the essence of human subjectivity than the quantitative results found in research on personalization. Indeed, “meaning”, “sense”and “values” are compounding concepts that address personalization as it occurs in individuals or groups. A specific research instrument, i.e. qualitative methodology, is introduced to explore further the issue of “personalization“ as it is emphasized on the humanization of health literature.

La influencia de la cultura en la historia de las doctrinas médicas / The influence of culture in the history of medical doctrines

Cuando la medicina se estudia desde un punto de vista histórico, crítico y sintético o desde una perspectiva antropológica cultural y filosófica, aparecen aspectos de ella que generalmente están escondidos e implícitos; por ejemplo, aparece el vínculo estrecho (o a veces la dependencia) entre quehaceres médicos, conceptos de salud, enfermedad, diagnóstico y terapia, por un lado, y paradigmas culturales del tiempo, eventos sociales y económicos, epistemologías, por el otro. El artículo presenta este vínculo en teoría y con ejemplos prácticos. Se destacan nueve doctrinas médicas de los últimos tres siglos en EE.UU., las distintas ideas claves (de salud, de fin terapéutico y fin preventivo) desde el siglo IV d.C. hasta hoy, comentando lo que cambia (el objeto de estudio, la dieta, la manera de prevenir enfermedades) y por qué cambia. Por fin, se presenta el vínculo entre algunas enfermedades del pasado (sobre todo las epidémicas y carenciales) y los eventos sociales contemporáneos. En conclusión, se puede decir que el saber médico que prevalece en un período es, simplemente, el más adecuado para aquel contexto cultural y uno de los medios para alcanzar los fines de aquella cultura. Cuando cambia la cultura, cambia también la medicina asociada con ella.

When medicine is studied from a historic, critic and synthetic point of view or from cultural anthropologic and philosophical perspective, aspects that are generally hidden and implicit appear; for instance, the close link (or sometimes dependence) between medical tasks, health concepts, disease, diagnosis and therapy on one side, and cultural paradigms of the times, social and economic events, and epistemologies on the other. The article presents this link in theory and with practical examples. Nine medical doctrines of the last three centuries in U. S. A. can be highlighted, the different keys (of health, therapeutics and preventive) from century IV A. D. up to this date, commenting the changes (object of study, diet, the way of preventing illnesses) and why they occur. Finally the link between some illnesses of the past (mainly the epidemic and nutritional deficiency ones) and the social contemporary events is presented. In conclusion, it can be said that the Medical doctrine that prevails in one period is simply the most adequate for that cultural context and one of the means to reach the objectives of that culture. When culture changes, medicine associated with it also changes.